Sampling is a fundamental concept in research methodology, referring to the process of selecting a subset of individuals or observations from a larger population to make inferences about the whole (Creswell & Creswell, 2018). This process is crucial because it allows researchers to conduct studies more efficiently and cost-effectively, without needing to collect data from every member of a population (Etikan, Musa, & Alkassim, 2016). There are various sampling techniques, broadly categorized into probability and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling methods, such as simple random sampling, ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, which enhances the generalizability of the study results (Taherdoost, 2016). In contrast, non-probability sampling methods, like convenience sampling, do not provide this guarantee but are often used for exploratory research where generalization is not the primary goal (Etikan et al., 2016). The choice of sampling method depends on the research objectives, the nature of the population, and practical considerations such as time and resources available (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; How to choose a sampling technique for research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2), 18-27.
Citations:
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